再谈道德的自律与他律——兼论伦理学理论和道德建设中的若干认识误区

Re-comment on Heteronomous Morality and Autonomous Morality:On Several Wrong Ideas of Ethic Theories and Moral Construction

康德从严格意义上提出了道德自律和他律的概念,其弊端由黑格尔指出并纠正,但直到马克思恩格斯才以辩证唯物史观将二者统一起来。过于强调道德自律或他律,或认为道德是无律的观点都值得商榷。理解这两个概念的关节点在于理解道德之"律"的强制性。要把道德的自律和他律真实地统一起来,既要建立适应合理伦理关系的社会道德体系,也要建立与社会道德相独立的个体道德,建立有层次性的道德评价体系,并使道德个体融入现实的社会实践和生活的道德教育之中。

Kant propounded the concepts of heteronomous morality and autonomous morality, the shortness of which was pointed out and corrected by Hegel, and then two concepts were unified by Marx and Engels＇dialectical and historical materialism at last. In actual morality construction, emphasizing heteronomous morality, autonomous morality, or morality of no - heteronomy - and - autonomy are all worth criticizing. The basic point to understand the essence of heteronomous morality and autonomous morality is to set forth the necessity of heteronomy and autonomy. To unify heteronomous morality and autonomous morality, we must make the social morality system adapt to reasonable ethic relations, and build up individual morality being independent of social morality. The concrete measure for these two ways are to build up well - arranged morality valuation system, carry out the education of autonomous consciousness, then make the individual become the members of real social practice and moral education for life.