“处所词+是+名词”功能特性及其对汉语作为外语教学的启示

The Function of "NPloc+Shi(是)+NP" and Its Pedagogical Implications in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

文章认为"处所词+是+名词"这一结构不具备表现"存在"的功能,而与"名词+是+名词"结构一样,表示判断。在实际话语交际中,这一句式的作用在于说明某一业已存在的物体的属性,或这一物体全部组成部分的属性与数量。与典型的存在句式"处所词+有+名词"不同,这一结构的使用具有强烈的对比义。文章建议,在对外汉语教材中,特别是低年级教材中将该结构与典型的存在句分开介绍,而不要在介绍存在结构时不加解释地将这两种句式混在一起,给学生造成不必要的困惑和误解。

This article argues that the function of the structure ＂Location Word＋shi（是）＋Noun＂ is not to depict existence,but to establish identification.In communicative activities,this structure is utilized to identify the categorical nature of an existing entity,or the categorical nature and the quantity of the components of an existing entity in contrast with other possible categories or quantities.Based on this analysis,the article suggests that the structure ＂Location word＋shi＋Noun＂ be separated from typical existential sentences in text materials of teaching Chinese as a foreign language to avoid unnecessary confusion among learners.