论戊戌学会的现代社团特征

On Characteristics of the Modern Institutes Established in the 1898 Reform Movement

戊戌维新时期,正在向近代知识分子转化的新绅士在民族危机空前严重、中国社会近代民族主义情绪空前高涨的时代背景下,以西方现代社会学("群学")理论为思想基础在各地建立了众多学会。这些学会大多具有一定的组织形式和组织体系,内部关系体现着西方现代民主和平等的原则;采用了集会演讲、创办报刊、刊印图书、举办学堂、兴办图书馆等活动形式,有的学会还利用现代科学仪器和设备开展活动;这些学会具有文化启蒙、社会整合和政治动员之现代功能。因此,戊戌年间的维新学会是一种具有强烈现代性色彩的新型社会团体。

In the 1898 Reform Movement, Chinese gentlemen, who came to convert into modern intellectuals, established vari ous kinds of institutes around China under unprecedented upsurge of national crisis and nationalism. Those communities were based on the ideological theory of western modern sociology （also called ＂the study of group＂）. Most of these institutes have certain organizations of forms and systems, moreover, the interpersonal relationships among their members embodied the prin ciples of modern western democracy and equality. Some of the societies held assemblies and speeches ran magazines and periodieals, published books, set up schools and libraries, etc, while others carried out activities with modern scientific and equipment. All in all, all of them functioned in modern sense as cultural enlightenment, social integration and bilization. Therefore, the institutes established in the 1898 Reform Movement were a new kind of social group modern sense. with a great modern sense.