云南省元阳梯田水源区森林土壤入渗特性研究

Soil Infiltration Characteristics in Water Conservation Forest of Terrace in Yuanyang County of Yunnan Province

利用双环法于2010年5—6月对云南省元阳梯田水源区几种林分的土壤入渗特性及影响因子?桤木林1(Ⅰ),桤木林2(Ⅱ),杉木林(Ⅲ),五桠果林(Ⅳ),杉木+苦栎林(Ⅴ),元江栲林(Ⅵ)?进行原位试验。结果表明:(1)土壤渗透性与土壤理化性质、枯落物持水能力等存在相关性。土壤渗透性与土壤非毛管孔隙度、土壤通气度、非毛管持水量呈极显著正相关,与土壤总孔隙度、饱和持水量呈显著正相关,与土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量呈显著负相关;与土壤有机质、全N、全K、水解N呈显著正相关;与枯落物持水量呈显著正相关。(2)各林分土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、平均入渗率存在较大差异,土壤初始入渗率变化呈:Ⅵ>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>荒坡;土壤稳定入渗率及平均入渗率变化趋势较为一致,呈:Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅵ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>荒坡。说明了元阳梯田区森林土壤渗透性能较好,各林分土壤渗透性指标均大于荒坡;各林分入渗性能比较可知,杉木+苦栎林和杉木林土壤渗透性能最好。

Soil infiltration characteristics of water conservation forest in Yuanyang terrace were studied with double-ring method under six typical plantations（Alnus cremastogyne（Ⅰ）,Alnus cremastogyne（Ⅱ）,Cunninghamia lanceolata（Ⅲ）,Dillenia indica Linn.（Ⅳ）,Cunninghamia lanceolata＋Quercus cerris（Ⅴ）,Castanopsis orthacantha Franch.（Ⅵ）﹞ in May to June,2010.Results showed that（1） Soil infiltration was closely related with soil physicochemical properties and litter water-holding abilities,etc.The infiltration rate was positively related with soil noncapillary porosity,aeration porosity,noncapillary capacity,total porosity,saturated water content,soil organic matter,soil total N,total K,hydrolysis N and litter water-holding ability,and negatively related with soil bulk density,capillary porosity as well as capillary moisture conntent.（2） There existed great difference under different vegetations for initial,stady-state and mean infiltration rate.Initial infiltration rate followed the order of Ⅵ〉Ⅲ〉Ⅴ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅰ〉hillsides;both steady-state and mean infiltration rate followed the order of Ⅴ〉Ⅲ〉Ⅵ〉Ⅳ〉Ⅱ〉Ⅰ〉hillsides.These results suggested infiltration performance in Yuanyang terrace area forest soil was good with permeability index of each plantation soil larger than waste hillsides.Soil permeability under Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cunninghamia lanceolata＋Quercus cerris vegetation was the best.