论汉字构形理据与孳乳分化之间的辩证统一

On the Dialectical Unity of the Configuration Basis and the Multiplication of Chinese Characters

汉字是据理构形的,构形理据在一定程度上制约影响着汉字的孳乳分化。"形声字"滥觞于增益意符或声符的孳乳分化,而源于字形与它所记录的词之间联系的淡化、构形理据的弱化,构形理据是其动因。随着汉字的发展演变,汉字的孳乳分化选择了形声化的方向,强化了字形与它所记录的词或语素之间的联系,始终坚持着表意性,体现着构形的理据性。汉字的孳乳分化与汉字构形理据之间的这种关系,使得构形理据的保留或部分保留在汉字发展演变的过程中成为可能,维护着汉字形义的统一性。

Chinese characters forms according to just grounds while the configurational basis, to some extent, restricts their multiplication. ＂Phonogram＂ originates from enhancing the multiplication of ideographie symbols or phonological ones, however, the configurational basis motivates the weakening of the connection between graphemes and the words they record, and of configurational basis. With the evolution of Chinese characters, their multiplication directs to phonogram, which emphasizes the connection between graphemes and the words they record or the one between morphemes. All along this retains the Chinese characters＇ i istics, embodying the motivation of the configuration. The relation between the multiplication and the cortfigurational basis makes it possible that the configurational basis retains or partly retains during Chinese characters＇ evolution, which maintains the unity of their form-meaning characteristics.