立地环境因子对小油桐冻害影响的调查研究

The response of Jatropha curcas L.to temperature

贵州罗甸县2008年凝冻低温使小油桐受到严重冻害。2009年1～3月平均温度均在12℃以上,为有效了解小油桐的适生环境,对不同坡向、海拔、坡位区域中小油桐的冻害情况进行调查研究。结果表明:不论海拔高低,坡向中阴坡和半阴坡小油桐冻害显著,半阳坡和阳坡冻害程度相对较轻;海拔600 m以上小油桐的冻害严重,最严重冻害发生在海拔为744 m坡中部和793 m坡上部,受害率分别达到95.44%和93.33%,属Ⅲ级冻害,应避免将小油桐种植于此段;海拔600 m以下分布的小油桐冻害率最低,在海拔为548 m、坡向为半阴坡的坡上部小油桐受害率为0.16%,受伤部长度仅为2.8 cm,属Ⅰ级冻害,在适宜的环境条件下可以继续正常生长。位于坡中部的小油桐受害是最严重的,但坡位对小油桐的冻害没有显著性的影响。因此,小油桐造林地选择时应避免高海拔(>600m)、阴坡(N偏W45°～N偏E45°)和半阴坡(N偏E45°～E偏S45°)地段。

Low temperature freezing injured of Jatropha curcas L.in 2008,in Luodian,Guizhou was seriously.Average air temperature of January to March in 2009 was 12 ℃ above.To effective understand of Jatropha curcas L.suitable environment,we investigated different slope-aspect,altitude,slope of regional small and medium-sized Jatropha curcas L.freezing damage.Results indicated that whether high or low altitude,freezing injury of Jatropha curcas L.at shady slopes and half-shady slopes was significant.Altitude freezing injury of 600 m location of the was most serious.Altitude freezing injury of Jatropha curcas L.787~796 m ASL location of the most serious,which occurred at an altitude of 744 m and 793 m in the central upper slope,mortality rates at 95.44% and 93.33%,freeze injury in case of grade Ⅲ,Jatropha curcas plantation should be avoided in the future this area.At an altitude of 600 meters below Jatropha curcas L.freezing rate minimum,at an altitude of 548 m and aspect of slope to half shady slope upper injured the lowest rates to 0.16%,injured length only 2.8 cm,Freeze injured in case of gradeⅠ.Under the appropriate environmental conditions can continue to grow.In the middle slopes of the small was the most serious mortality of Jatropha curcas.But slope position was no significant for freezing damaged of impact on the Jatropha curcas.Therefore,planting for Jatropha curcas L.should be avoided high altitude（600 m）、shady slope（N partial W45°~N partial E45°）and half-shady slopes（N partial E45°~E partial S45°）.