《三国志》“德”命题论略

On the Proposition of "Ethics" for The History of the Three Kingdoms

学界多认为,由于汉末社会剧烈动荡,战乱频仍,传统的儒家思想开始走向衰落,两汉重德的风气在社会秩序已被严重破坏的三国时期亦不可避免地走向低潮;再加之为适应时局需要,曹操等统治阶级提出了"唯才是举"的主张,更进一步减弱了德观念的普适。但综观最能代表那个时代的历史文献《三国志》及裴注,发现虽然时局的变化让德的地位有所下降,德却仍然是统治者极为重视的统治工具。

It is generally believed by the academic world that due to the fierce social turbulence at the end of the Han Dynasty,plus the chaos caused by frequent wars,the traditional Confucian thoughts started to lose its power and declined.The high priority to ethics in the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties was also faded,and the social order at that time began to deteriorate.In time of the Three Kingdom,in order to adapt to the political situation needed at that time,Cao Cao,the leading figure of the ruling class,proposed ＂the ability and talent are the sole qualifications to be promoted＂,which has further weakened the ethical value among the public.But by a careful study of the History of the Three Kingdoms,which is the most reliable historical document and the Pei notes to survey that period of history,the author discovered that although the political situation at that time had undermined the moral standards to some extent,the ethical morals were still preserved as the dominant tool with which the ruling class ruled the country.