MICA的基因多态性及其临床意义

MICA polymorphism and clinical implication

经典的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)在排斥反应的发生、发展方面具有重要作用,但越来越多的研究表明某些非经典MHC基因在此过程中,乃至在其他疾病的免疫机制方面同样意义显著。主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子链相关基因A(major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A,MICA)即属于非经典MHC-I类基因。大量研究表明,作为最具多态性的非经典MHC-I类基因,其表达产物可借助NKG2D与自然杀伤细胞、某些特定T细胞亚群等多种免疫细胞相互作用,从而在病毒感染的免疫监视、自身免疫性疾病与器官移植排斥反应的发生发展方面均具有重要意义。

The classical major histocompatibility complex （MHC） plays major roles in the initiation and progression of rejection, more and more researches indicate some non-classical MHC also participate in this process and immune mechanism of other diseases significantly. The MHC-I related chain A （MICA） belongs to the non-classical MHC- I family. Numerous studies demonstrate that the expression products of MICA interact with NK cells, some specialized class of T cells and other immunocytes via NKG2D as the non-classical MHC molecule with the most polymorphisms, and then associate with not only the immunosurveillance of viral infection, but also the development of autoimmune disease and rejection of organ transplantation extremely.