中国大鲵资源现状及保护遗传学研究进展

Research advances in resource and conservation genetics of Chinese giant salamander

中国大鲵为我国特有珍稀两栖动物,主要分布于长江、黄河、珠江中下游及其支流。近十年来虽然中国大鲵人工繁殖及规模化繁育技术取得突破性进展,种群数量也有一定的恢复,但由于对中国大鲵遗传背景缺乏了解,故不能从根本上解决其濒危问题。目前,中国大鲵的相关研究主要侧重区系分类、生态、形态、解剖、繁殖、胚胎发育、起源演化等宏观方面,而遗传学、生理生化、细胞、分子生物学等微观方面的研究较少。结合现有资料将目前大鲵保护遗传学的研究进展情况进行概述。

Chinese giant salamander（Andrias davidianus）is a rare endemic amphibian in China,which distributes mainly around Yangtze River,Yellow River and Pearl River.In the past ten years,artificial reproduction and scale breeding technology of Chinese giant salamander have obtained breakthrough progress,and the population number increased to a certain extent.However,as the lack of understanding of its genetic background,we still could not solve radically its endangered problem.At present,the study on Chinese giant salamander was focused on classification,ecology,morphology,anatomy,reproduction,embryonic development,origin and evolution,but macroscopic aspects,such as genetics,physiology and biochemistry,cell and molecular biology,were still very few.The focuses on the study of conservation genetics of Chinese giant salamander at present was reviewed.