有机基质栽培番茄氮磷钾养分吸收与基质养分释放规律的研究

Study on the Laws of Nitrogen,Phosphate and Potassium Nutrient Release from Substrate and Absorption by Tomato Plants under Organic Substrate Cultivation

以课题组筛选的有机基质配方(稻壳、玉米芯、菇渣体积比为5:2:3)栽培番茄,分析番茄整个生育期基质养分释放动态、番茄叶片中营养元素含量变化及番茄植株对养分利用情况。结果表明:基质中碱解氮、速效磷的释放规律基本一致,在整个生长过程中波动不大;钾元素含量急剧下降,坐果期下降最为明显。基质养分释放氮最大,为819.3mg/kg;磷最低,为364.5mg/kg。番茄吸收钾最多,为7.54g/株;吸收磷最少,仅1.25g/株。最适宜番茄生长的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1:0.24:1.45。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamic changes of nutrient absorption of tomato and releasing from the former experiment selected organic substrate（composite with rice husk,corn cob and mushroom residue in the volume proportion of 5∶2∶3） during the whole growth period.The results showed that the release of available nitrogen and phosphorus was basically in the same trend of stable and flat which meant the substrate could provide the nutrients timely.But the available K decreased sharply in the substrate,especially at the fruit set stage.The released nutrients of substrate and fertilizer showed that the biggest was N（819.3 mg/kg） and the smallest was K（364.5 mg/kg）.But the highest nutrient absorption found was K（7.54 g/plant） and the lowest nutrient absorption was P（1.25 g/plant）.The optimum ratio of NPK fertilizer for plant grown in the substrate was the ratio of 1∶0.24∶1.45.