油菜小孢子培养技术及其在遗传育种中的应用研究概况

Microspore Culture Technology and Application in Genetic Breeding of Rape

小孢子培养作为一种辅助育种手段越来越受到育种家的重视，并应用于各个领域。由于影响小孢子成胚和成苗的因素较多，低诱导频率及成苗率严重限制了该技术在育种中的应用。为了全面了解小孢子胚状体发生能力及影响再生体系的各项因素，掌握该技术的研究动态和发展方向，本文总结了近年来国内外影响小孢子培养的主要因素：供体植株基因型、供体植株生长条件及生理状态、小孢子发育时期、培养基组成、培养条件，以及在双单倍体育种、诱变育种、转基因育种等领域中的应用。

The microspore culture as a kind of assisted breeding means more and more seriously by breeders and used in every areas. Because affects the ratio of embryos and plant regeneration be many, The low ratio of embryos frequency and the efficiency of plant regeneration has limited this technology seriously in the breeding application. For the thorough understanding the factors which influence the ability of micruspore culture and plantlet formation, masters the research tendency and the development direction of this technology, this article summarized the primary factor which affect microspore culture in the recent years ： donor plant genotypes,physiological condition, bud size, medium constituents, incubation time and temperature. In addition, the application of DH breeding, mutation and genetic transformation breeding were discussed.