10个超高产小麦品种株型结构分析

Analysis on the Plant-type Structure of Ten High Yielding Wheat Varieties

为了解小麦超高产品种在株型结构上的特征特性,为小麦超高产品种的选育提供科学依据,选用河南省有代表性的10个超高产品种进行田间试验。结果表明,10个超高产品种株高变幅为67~78 cm,平均值为73.3 cm;穗长∶倒1节长∶倒2节长∶倒3节长∶倒4节长∶倒5节长的比值为1∶3.3∶1.9∶0.9∶0.6;株高构成指数并不完全符合黄金分割值0.618,但非常接近;超高产品种在株高降低的情况下,叶鞘长度相对稳定,可以保证其叶片的空间优势地位,从而达到抗倒和高光效之目的;10个品种的单茎干物质量、单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒质量、单株粒质量和收获指数分别为3.842 g、2.62穗、37.7粒、44.8 g、1.75 g、4.77 g和0.467。

In order to understand the plant-type structural characteristics of the super-high yielding wheat variety,and to provide the scientific basis for breeding the high-yielding wheat,10 representative super-high yield varieties of Henan province were selected for field trials.The results showed that the height of 10 varieties was 67-78cm,and the average value was 73.3cm.The length ratio of ear∶last 1st node∶last 2nd node∶last 3rd node∶last 4th node∶last 5th node was 1∶3.3∶1.9∶0.9∶0.6.The component index of plant height did not fully meet the ＂golden section＂ value of 0.618,but was close to it.When the height of the super-high plant decreased,the length of the leaf sheath was relatively stable to ensure that the leaves take the dominant position in space to achieve high light efficiency and lodging purposes.For the 10 varieties,the dry matter quality of a single stem,the spike number per plant,the grain number,the weight of one thousand grains,the grain quality of a single spike,the grain weight per plant and the harvest index were 3.842g,2.62 ears,37.7 grains,44.8g,1.75g,4.77g and 0.467.