高效降解玉米和水稻秸秆菌株配伍研究

Screening of Effective Microorganisms and Their Combination for Degrading the Straw of Maize and Rice

为了解决大田秸秆直接降解困难以及市售菌剂田间直接降解秸秆效果不理想的问题,从森林土壤、农田土壤、腐烂秸秆中通过平板筛选和酶活性测定(羧甲基纤维素钠和滤纸酶活性测定)得到多株能高效降解纤维素的菌株,并且通过正交试验得到一组(含有菌株51、R19、P11、104、R18)协同作用能力强的产纤维素酶霉菌组合。用玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆作为材料,利用这个组合复配一些细菌、酵母菌对其进行降解试验。30 d后,秸秆明显失重、体积变小、颜色变黑,有酱色液体渗出。通过测定,玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆的失重率分别达到59%和52%,明显优于市售菌剂(37%,20%)。并对评价菌株产酶能力的方法进行了讨论。

The strains of microorganisms with high cellulase activity from the soil of forest and farm,rotten stalks were screened by the method of plate-selection for solving the problem of straw degradation without high efficiency in field with recent commercial product.Two kinds of cellulase detection methods（sodium carboxymethylcellulose and filter paper） were used to determine cellulose activity.A combination of microorganisms including the strains of 51,R19,75,610 and R18 was screened with high cellulase activity,which could work together with other microorganisms to degrade the straw of maize and rice more efficiently than a commercial product in 30 days.The weight of the straw became lighter with smaller size,and the color became black,also some sausage-color liquid oozed.The weight decreasing rate was 59% for maize straw and 52% for rice straw,much higher than the commercial product（37% and 20%,respectively）.The methods for evaluating cellulase activity of strains were also discussed in the paper.