融合与逾越——《暴风雨》中异质文明较量的主题探究

Merging and Transgression of Two Heterogeneous Civilizations: The Thematic Inquiry of The Tempest

《暴风雨》系莎翁的绝笔,也是海洋文学的经典之作。大陆文明的代表安东尼奥、阿隆佐、斯丹法诺与海洋文明的代表普罗斯彼罗、爱丽尔、米兰达之间先后展开了两次冲突与较量,在较量中,海洋文明得到了对自身的逾越。这种逾越的实现是以对大陆文明的理解、吸收和融合为前提,是在吸收对方优点的基础上的逾越。异质文明之间的关系并非必然"冲突",水火不容,而是一种相互影响和相互吸收的辩证关系。两者之间的相互影响和相互吸收不是一个"同化"和"混一"的过程,而是一个在不同环境中转化为新物的过程,其结果不是趋同,而是各自提升,在新的基础上产生新质和新的差异。

The theme of The Tempest is the conflict and contest of maritime civilization and mainland civilization. The play unfolds two times of conflicts and contests between the representatives of mainland civilization--Antonio, Alonso and Stephano and maritime civilization--Prospero, Ariel and Miranda. Though the latter takes an upper hand, its victory is grounded on the understanding, absorption, transformation and transgression of the mainland civilization. The relationship between the heterogeneous civilizations is not utterly incompatible as water and fire, but dialectically absorbable, critical, transformable and inheritable. Through interaction and communication, the two civilizations are mutually absorbed, merged and transgressed, creating a new civilization.