气候变化对重庆马尾松毛虫和鞭角华扁叶蜂发生危害的影响

The influence of climate change for the harm of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Chinolyda flagellicornis （F.Smith）

本文根据马尾松毛虫和鞭角华扁叶蜂的生物学及生态学特性。立足于重庆气候因子特点的实际，主要从独立因子、突变因子探讨其对马尾松毛虫、鞭角华扁叶蜂发生危害的影响。主要结果如下：正常气候条件下，在数年乃至10多年内，重庆气候的渐进反复变化，对适生的马尾松毛虫和鞭角华扁叶蜂发生危害的影响较小。强度的倒春寒、夏季暴雨、大风，将减轻马尾松毛虫的危害。而对一年发生于春季和初夏、自然死亡率仅33．16％的鞭角华扁叶蜂，4月下旬至5月上旬出现的大风．可对卵、幼虫造成微量的损伤，4月下旬至5月上旬出现的大雨，可冲刷部分低龄幼虫坠地死亡。4月下旬至5月上旬出现的暴晒，可导致少量低龄幼虫死亡，从而一定程度地减轻鞭角华扁叶蜂的发生危害。平均温度升高，可使马尾松毛虫、鞭角华扁叶蜂发生的发生期提前。反之推迟；也可增大马尾松毛虫一年发生3代的区域和比例。

On basis of climatic factors in Chongqing city and the characteristics of biology and ecology of Dendrolimus punetatus and Chinolyda flagellicorni, this paper mainly discussed the effects of independent and mupunctatus can be reduced by late spring coldness, strom and strong wind in summer. In addition, the natural mortality of C. flagellicornis was 33.16 % in spring and early summer. During late April and early May, the strong wind increasing of average temperature would cause the advance of emergence period of C. flagellicomis and D. punctatus. On the contrary, the emergence period would put off. Also, the increasing average temperature may enlarge the distribution and increase the propotion of D. punctatus with three generations in one year.