语言生态与语言嫉妒

Language Ecology and Language Jealousy

语言嫉妒是语言态度的一种表现。世界语言系统中,语言嫉妒主要表现为国际地位低的语言对国际地位高的语言的嫉妒、本土语言对殖民语言的嫉妒、民间(土著)语言对官方语言的嫉妒等。语言人的语言嫉妒主要表现为操弱势语言的人对操强势语言的人的语言嫉妒、单语单言人对双语双言人或多语多言人的语言嫉妒、语用能力差的人对语用能力强的人的语言嫉妒等。语言嫉妒的产生跟语言地位和语言人的地位、语言矛盾和社会矛盾及民族矛盾、语言政策的制定是否合理得当等有关。提倡语言平等、反对语言歧视;注意兼收并蓄、化解语言矛盾;调整语言政策、完善语言规划;增强语言习得、适应语用环境等,是消解语言嫉妒的有效途径。

Language jealousy is an expression of language attitude.In the world language system,the main signs of language jealousy are the jealousy of the languages with low international position to the ones with high position,of the native languages to the colonial languages,of folk（or primitive） languages to the official languages,etc.And the main signs of the jealousy of the language speakers are the jealousy of speakers of the weak nations to those of strong nations,of mono-lingual speakers to the bi-lingual or multi-lingual speakers,of the speakers low in language ability to those strong in the ability,etc.The origin of the language jealousy is related with language position and the speaker＇s position,with language,social and national contradiction,with the reasonableness of the making of the language policy,etc.In eliminating the language jealousy,it is an effective way to advocate language equality,to oppose language discrimination,to absorb anything and everything in order to eliminate language contradiction,to adjust language policy,to improve language project,to strengthen language acquisition,to adapt to the environment of the language use,etc.