摘要
利用长期定位实验,在黄土高原旱地研究不同施肥下小麦连作22年后土壤养分及水分的变化状况,为合理利用水肥资源提供参考。在对照(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷化肥配施(NP)、氮磷化肥与有机肥配施(NPM)6个不同长期施肥处理中,测定耕层(0~20 cm)土壤的基础养分和土壤剖面(0~300cm)含水量、储水量。结果表明:1)M比CK的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数分别增加55.44%、45.24%、29.63%、67.16%、186.96%和123.65%,NPM配施比CK的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数分别增加65.67%、50.00%、40.74%、72.37%、324.58%和191.17%。2)NPM、M、P、CK、N和NP耕层含水量分别为18.19%、17.99%、17.66%、17.42%、16.96%和16.29%;NPM、M、NP土壤剖面含水量变化趋势相似。3)P、CK、N、NP、M和NPM处理,0~300 cm土壤储水量分别为666.73、656.23、629.41、536.88、504.26和488.47 mm,P处理土壤储水量比CK增加1.60%,而N、NP、M、NPM土壤储水量比CK分别减少4.09%、18.19%、23.16%、25.56%。因此,长期单施有机肥、有机肥与化肥配施能增加耕层土壤各养分和水分含量,而0~300 cm土壤储水量却显著降低。
Abstract To provide reference for reasonable use of water and fertilizer resources in dry-land of Loess Plateau,the study on the change of soil nutrient and water was conducted under the condition of 22-year Triticum aestivum L. succession based on the long-term fertilizer experiment. The six treatments were no fertilizer (CK) , nitrogen fertilizer (N) , phosphate fertilizer (P) , manure fertilizer (M) , nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers (NP), nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with manure (NPM). Nutrient in tilth soils (0 -20 cm) , and water contents and water storage in soil profiles (0 -300 cm) were measured. The results showed that for the contents of soil organic matter, total N, total P, available N, available P, and available K in tilth soils, they increased by 55.44% , 45.24% , 29.63% , 67.16% , 186.96% and 123.65% , respectively, after long-time M application. For contents of soil organ matter, total N, total P, available N, available P, and available K in tilth soils, they increased by 65.67% , 50.00%, 40.74% , 72.37% , 324.58% and 191.17% , respectively, after long-time NPM application. The water contents in tilth soils were 18.19% , 17.99% , 17.66% , 17.42% , 16.96% and 16.29% after longtime NPM, M, P, CK, N and NP treatments, respectively. The distribution characteristics of water contents in soil profile were similar for long-time NPM, M and NP treatments. The water storage of 0 -300 cm soil layers were 666.73, 656.23, 629.41 , 536. 88, 504.26 and 488.47 mm in the P, CK, N, NP, M and NPM treatments, respectively. Compared to the CK, the wate storage in the P treatment increased by 1.60% , but decreased by 4.09% in the N treatment, 18.19% in the NP treatment, 23. 16% in the M treatment and 25.56% in the NPM treatment. The long-term application of single manure and chemical fertilizer combined with manure could increase nutrient and water contents in tilth soils. The water storage in 0 - 300 cm soil layers significantly decreased by the long-term application of single manure and chemical fertilizer combined with manure.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2011年第4期104-109,116,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目"耕地保育与持续高效现代农业试点工程"(KSCX-YW-09-02)和"陕西长武耕地保育与持续高效现代农业试点工程"(KSCX-YW-09-07)
国家重点基础研究发展计划"主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究"(2009CB118604)
国家科技支撑计划重大项目"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究"(2011BAD31B01)
关键词
长期试验
土壤养分
土壤水分
黄土高原
long-term experiment
soil nutrient
soil water
Loess Plateau