黑龙江省水田发展战略北移的新思考

New Consideration of Strategic Shift to Northern Area for Heilongjiang Province Paddy Field Development

黑龙江省从2000年开始提出水田发展战略北移起,至今已过去10 a。伴随着种植技术的进步,在政府要粮、农民要经济效益的双重动力下,"到北部种水田"的目标正在逐步推进。但在黑龙江省南部原有超水资源承载能力的水田并没有被"移出",灌溉期断流、地下水超采等生态难题和水事纠纷并没有缓解,局部地区有愈演愈烈之势。用"转移"水田去抗旱的初衷基本没有实现。未来如何在保护水生态环境和种粮之间找到平衡点,只有靠明确水权后,赋予并提高政府的执行力来强制执行。同时,用控制灌溉等节水技术来尽可能的扩大种植面积以缓解政府强制北移水田的矛盾。

It has been ten years since Heilongjiang Province put forward the strategy of transforming paddy fields to northern areas in 2000.Promoted by double forces of increasing grain yield from the government and getting economic benefits from farmers,the aim of cropping paddy in the northern areas is carried on step by step,along with the improvement of cropping technique.Paddy fields were not transferred out yet in the southern Heilongjiang Province,where the water resources is out of bearing capacity originally and Water resources are not enough for irrigation during the irrigation period,the groundwater is over extracted.These ecological problems and water affairs dispute are not mediated to this day,which are worsening in partial areas.The original intention of transferring paddy fields for fighting draught is not realized,and the balance point how to protect the water ecology environment and cropping grain will be looked for in the future.These problems will be solved as only after the water right is defined and the government is to be conferred more power to carry out it.At the same time,the techniques of saving water,such as the irrigation control,should be used to enlarge the crop area as possible,so as to relieve the contradiction due to enforced paddy field transferring to the north.