沂蒙山区儿童少年40年生长发育动态调查

A 40-year Dynamic Study of Growth and Development of Children in Yimeng Mountain Area

目的研究7～18岁儿童少年的生长发育趋势。方法采用随机整群分层抽样的方法,于1963、1973、1981、1985、2003年对沂蒙山区7～18岁城乡儿童少年的身高、体重、胸围、坐高准确测量。结果 40年来,城市男女儿童少年平均每10年的身高分别增加3.81和3.16 cm,体重分别增加3.30和2.32 kg;乡村男女儿童少年平均每10年的身高分别增加3.61和3.12 cm,体重分别增加2.67和2.24 kg。儿童少年的生长发育表现出明显的性别差异和城乡差异。男、女儿童少年各项形态指标的两次交叉年龄提前二三年;突增高峰年龄:城市男女儿童少年提前二三年,乡村男女儿童少年提前一二年。结论该地区4项形态指标发育水平有逐年提高的趋势,为今后政府部门的决策提供了可靠依据。

[Objective] To study the trend of growth and development of children aged 7~18 years. [Methods]Children aged 7~18 years in Yimeng Mountain Area were sampled in 1963,1973,1981,1985 and 2003 by random stratified cluster sampling method and their heights weights,chest circumferences and sitting heights were measured accurately. [Results]According to the surveys,the average heights of urban boys and girls had risen by 3.81 cm and 3.16 cm respectively and their body weights had risen by 3.30 kg and 2.32 kg respectively.The average heights of rural boys and girls had risen by 3.61 cm and 3.12 cm respectively,and their body weights had risen by 2.67 kg and 2.24 kg respectively.Significant differences existed in both the growth and development of boys and girls and in the urban and rural areas.The 2 cross-age morphological indexes occurred 2~3 years earlier.The quick growth and development occurred 2~3 years earlier in boys and girls in urban areas,while 1~2 years earlier in rural areas. [Conclusion]The 4 indexes of morphological development rise annually,which provide reliable basis for government＇s decision-making.