厦门市粉尘作业工人职业健康监护和尘肺病发病状况

Occupational Health Surveillance and Incidence Status of Pneumoconiosis in Dust-exposed Workers in Xiamen City

目的了解厦门市粉尘作业职业健康监护工作和尘肺病发病特点。方法对2006—2010年职业卫生统计年报表和职业健康检查结果汇总资料以及2006年以前尘肺病诊断资料进行回顾性研究。结果 2010年厦门市197家接尘企业接尘人数的总接触率为10.42%,总实检率88.79%,不同规模接尘企业实检率构成的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2006—2010年粉尘作业人员实检率均大于80%,检出率在0.99%～2.54%之间。尘肺病是该市主要的职业病,发病平均工龄和年龄明显缩短,病种主要是矽肺和电焊工尘肺。结论该市已建立了较规范的粉尘作业职业健康监护体系。尘肺病仍是该市主要的职业病,中、小型企业尘肺病发病形势严峻,发病年龄趋于年轻化、发病工龄明显缩短。

[Objective]To understand the occupational health surveillance of dust-exposed workers and characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Xiamen city. [Methods]A retrospective study was performed on the annual statistical reports of occupational health,results data of occupational health physical examination during 2006-2010,and diagnostic data of pneumoconiosis before 2006. [Results]In 2010,the total exposure rate among workers exposed to dust in 197 enterprises was 10.42%,and the total rate of occupational health examination was 88.79%.There was significance difference in constitution of examination rate among enterprises in different scales（P〈0.01）.During 2006-2010,the rates of occupational health examination were over 80%,and the detection rate of pneumoconiosis was 0.90%~2.54%.Pneumoconiosis is a major occupational disease in this city,the average working year and age of onset shortened significantly,and the main diseases were silicosis and welding pneumoconiosis. [Conclusion]The standardized occupational health surveillance for dust-exposed workers has been established in Xiamen city.Pneumoconiosis is still a major occupational disease in Xiamen city.The prevalence of pneumoconiosis is serious in small and medium-sized enterprises.The patients tend to be younger,and the working year of onset shortens significantly.