上海市闸北区2005—2010年肺结核流行现状和防治效果

Epidemic Situation and Control Effect of Tuberculosis in Zhabei District of Shanghai during 2005-2010

目的评估上海市闸北城区结核病流行特征和防控效果。方法运用描述性统计方法,分析2005—2010年城区肺结核流行病学监测数据,主要分析不同户籍居民性别、年龄、职业、地区、季节发病分布特点。结果流动人口发病率显著高于沪籍人口(χ2=85.69,P<0.01),分别为58.32/10万和33.89/10万;沪籍人口新涂阳率显著高于流动人口(χ2=9.76,P<0.01),分别为34.08%和26.21%;肺结核病人以男性居多,流动人口中男性显著多于沪籍男性(χ2=12.70,P<0.01);沪籍高发年龄组为45～54岁,占29.68%;流动人口高发年龄略年轻,为25～34岁组,占32.37%;沪籍人口发病最多职业为退休,流动人口发病最多为无业;沪籍人口新涂阳病人治愈率显著好于流动人口(χ2=6.00,P<0.05),分别为87.68%和78.22%。结论上海市闸北区肺结核发病低于全国平均水平,但高于上海市水平,仍需针对不同户籍人口的肺结核流行特征,加强病人早发现,重点做好流动人口肺结核的管理工作,是降低发病率的关键。

[Objective]To evaluate the epidemic characteristics and control effect of tuberculosis in Zhabei district of Shanghai. [Methods]With the descriptive statistics,the epidemiological data of tuberculosis from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed,which included the distribution characteristics of sex,age,occupation,region and season among residents with different types of household registration. [Results]The incidence of floating population（58.32/lakh） was higher than that of local residents（33.89/lakh） significantly（χ2=85.69,P〈0.01）.The rate of new smear positive TB cases of local residents（34.08%） was higher than that of floating population（26.21%） significantly（χ2=9.76,P〈0.01）.A majority of TB patients were male,and male patients in floating population was significantly more than male patients in local residents（χ2=12.70,P〈0.01）.Among local residents,most of patients were people aged 45~54 years old,which accounted for 29.68%.In floating population,most of patients were people aged 25~34 years old,which accounted for 32.37%.The main occupation of patients in local residents and floating population was retirement and jobless respectively.The cure rate of new smear positive TB cases of local residents（87.68%） was higher than that of floating population（78.22%） significantly（χ2=6.00,P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]The incidence of tuberculosis in Zhabei district of Shanghai is lower than the national average level,but is higher than average level of Shanghai.According to the differences in TB epidemic characteristics between local residents and floating population,the key point to reduce the incidence is to improve the early discovery of TB patients,and strengthen the TB control and prevention in floating population.