2004—2010年北京市顺义区麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on Epidemical Characteristics of Measles in Shunyi District of Beijing from 2004 to 2010

目的了解2004—2010年北京市顺义区麻疹发病流行病学特征,为控制、消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法使用描述流行病学方法,对2004—2010年麻疹病例进行流行病学分析。结果 2004—2010共发生麻疹536例,发病率9.80/10万;其中,流动人口发病率25.20/10万,高于本市人口。3—5月份为高发季节。流动人口聚集区麻疹高发,天竺镇、顺义城区、仁和镇、李桥镇、后沙峪镇发病占66.92%。〈5岁组儿童发病占病例总数的57.25%,15~34岁年龄组占28.26%;其中,此年龄段流动人口发病占62.82%,5岁以下儿童和外来务工人员为麻疹发病主要人群。无免疫史和免疫史不详患者中,15岁以上人群占49.54%,8月龄~5岁年龄组占39.08%,其中,流动人口病例数分别占64.81%和63.78%。15岁以上成人和5岁以下儿童,尤其是流动人口麻疹疫苗接种率较低是造成麻疹高发的重要因素;近2年来62.11%的5岁内患者病前7-21 d有就医史,院内感染是造成麻疹高发的又一重要因素。结论流动人口聚集区仍是麻疹防控重点区域,相关预防接种工作应继续加强,控制医院内感染,加强麻疹监测是今后工作重点。

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shunyi District of Beijing City from 2004 to 2010,and provide scientific evidence for control and elimination of measles.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data of measles epidemic situation from 2004 to 2010.[Results]A total of 536 cases of measles were reported during 2004-2010,with the incidence of 9.80/100 000.The incidence of migrant cases was 25.20/100 000,which was higher than the local incidence;The season with peak incidence was from March to May.High incidence of measles appeared in migrant areas,66.92% of the cases were reported in Tianzhu County,urban area of Shunyi,Renhe County,Liqiao County,Houshayu County;Under 5 years cases accounted for 57.25%,28.26% of the cases aged 15 to 34 years,the incidence of migrant cases in this age group accounted for 62.82%.Children under 5 years and migrant workers were the main risk groups of measles;Of the patients with absence of immunization history and unknown immunization history,people over 15 years accounted for 49.54%,8 months to 5 years group accounted for 39.08%,of which the number of migrant population accounted for 64.81% cases and 63.78% respectively.Lower rates of measles vaccination among adults over 15 years old and children under 5 years,particularly the migrant population,might be an important factor for high incidence of measles;62.11% of the patients within 5 years went to the hospital 7~21 days before illness in recent 2 years,hospital infection contributed to high incidence of measles.[Conclusion]Migrant populated areas is still the key areas for prevention and control of measles.Vaccination-related work should continue to strengthen.Controlling hospital infection,strengthening surveillance for measles is the focus of future work.