沛沿河流域土壤施肥后氮、磷释放规律的模拟研究

Simulation of N,P release from soils fertilized with different fertilizers in Peiyan river basin

为有效控制农业面源污染,改善沛沿河流域水质状况,通过对稻田、林地、果园的土壤分别施用不同化肥后,模拟研究了土壤在受雨水短期浸泡及连续降雨情况下氮、磷的释放规律。结果表明,稻田土壤对氮、磷的释放能力最差,施肥时应以基肥为主;林地、果园土壤的保肥能力均劣于稻田土壤,应采用"少量多次追肥"的方法。尿素与碳铵宜作为基肥施用,而氯化铵与硫酸铵宜作为追肥施用。

In order to control the non-point source pollution from agricultural and to improve the water quality of Peiyan River effectively,N,P release from fertilized soils under different rainfall conditions was simulated.Soil samples were collected from paddy field,orchard field and forestland respectively and fertilized with different fertilization programs.These soils samples were immersed by deionized water without changing water to simulate short-term rainfall immersion and changing water every day to simulate continuous rainfall.The results showed that the nutrient preserving capability of paddy field soil was the best,therefore paddy field should be fertilized with base fertilizer;the preserving capability of orchard soil and forestland soil were inferior to that of paddy field,therefore the fertilization method of multiple top dressings with small amount should be adopted.Ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride should be used as top dressing,while urea,ammonium carbonate should be used as base fertilizer.