碳酸二甲酯与具有新型反离子的阳离子表面活性剂

DMC and Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants with New Counter Anion Types

季铵盐类化合物的传统合成方法大多采用卤代烷如氯甲烷、溴甲烷及硫酸二甲酯等作为烷基化试剂。这些传统的烷基化试剂具有一定的毒性和腐蚀性,而且反应过程中用量大,存在环境污染问题,且产品中会有一定程度的毒性残留,用于日用化学品中,会对人体造成伤害。寻找毒性低、绿色、安全的烷基化试剂,成为季铵盐类化合物绿色合成工艺研究中亟待解决的问题。该文讨论了用绿色化工原料碳酸二甲酯作为新型的甲基化试剂,代替传统的烷基化试剂,合成具有新型反离子季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂的可行性及优势。

Quaternary ammonium compounds are traditionally synthesized by using alkyl halide and dimethyl sulfate as quaternizing agents, which inevitably contaminate the environment and leave residual toxic component in the target products. With the development of environmentalism and green chemistry, finding new green raw materials becomes one of the most important concerns in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds. In this paper, a new green chemical material, dimethyl carbonate （DMC）, is proposed as the quaternizing agent in the preparation of new quaternary ammonium surfactants with new counter anion types.