西夏文《宫廷诗集》用典分析

An Analysis of the Use of Allusions in Tangut Collection of Court Poems

《宫廷诗集》为西夏人创作的文学作品,现存的33首诗歌中既大量使用汉民族的典故,又使用了本民族典故。汉民族典故主要来自汉籍的经、史、子、集,西夏民族的典故则来自西夏人所熟知的人、事、物。其用典可以根据不同的标准分为不同的类别,从与现实的关系可分为肯定性典故和否定性典故;从影响范围可分为整体性典故和局部性典故;从所表达的意义可分为事典和语典。这些典故在使用中具有鲜明特点:旁征博引、化古通今,将典故转变成诗句中的一个词或词组,具有高度的浓缩性;典故与对偶句式相结合,使诗歌用典繁密;鲜明的时代性,多以汉籍中的历史人物入典,直接或间接地表达了西夏王国渴求明君贤臣、实现政通人和的强烈愿望;目的性强,所有的典故都具有儒家文化的特征,尊崇先王之道是用典故的主要目的。

Among the allusions used in the Tangut collection of court poems consisting of 33 sections, the Chinese allusions came from the Chinese documents, while the Tangut allusions came from the people and things which were known by Xixia. They can be classified into the praising allusion and warning allusion by the relationship with realistic, the wholeness allusion and the locality allusion by its influence scope, and the story allusion and the quoted phrase allusion by its sources. All the allusions possess the characteristic of Confucian culture.