“三言二拍”中的进士考试与明代进士考试之比较

Comparison of "Jin Shi" Examination in San Yan And Er Pai with "Jinshi" examination in the Ming Dynasty

"三言二拍"中的科举考试和现实社会的科举考试,在形式与内容上是相差不大的。冯、凌二人在"三言二拍"中所表露的对科举取士的态度,和现实社会中的科举,同样有相通之处。表现在:一、个人才华高低是中进士与否的决定条件之一;二、科举制不断完善的同时,科举考试有规律可寻;三、积德行善者中进士;四、科名前定。冯、凌二人将对科举取士的态度融入拟话本中,对科举取士制度进行肯定的同时,也表达了他们对科举制的担忧,同时还对士子进行了劝诫。研究"三言二拍",对研究明代社会的科举制具有重要参考价值。

The imperial examination in San Yah And Er Pal is similar to the imperial examination in real world in form and content. Feng and Ling＇s attitudes toward the imperial examination in SanYan and Er Pai are also similar to that toward the imperial examination in real word, which reveals in four aspects ： firstly, talent is one of the pacing factors for passing the highest imperial examinations; secondly, perfecting imperial examination system have rules to be followed; thirdly, those having good deeds would pass the highest imperial examinations; lastly, scholarly honour won in imperial examinations is decided by God . Feng and Ling integrate their attitudes toward imperial examination into San Yah and Er Pal .They praise the imperial examinations and worry about them as well. At the same time, they also advise scholars to do good deeds. Study of San Yan and Er Pai has important reference value for studying imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty.