北京地区2010年10月至2011年4月急性呼吸道感染病毒流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis on virus etiology of acute respiratory infection during Oct 2010 and Apr 2011 in Beijing

目的通过对北京地区2010年10月-2011年4月急性呼吸道感染病毒病原谱构成及流行特征分析，为临床诊断、治疗和呼吸道传染病的预防控制提供病原学依据。方法随机采集北京市五家哨点医院接诊的急性呼吸道感染病例咽拭子样本425份，利用多重RT—PCR和PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒、乙喇流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒、偏肺病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒、博卡病毒和肠道病毒检测，并进行统计分析。结果425份样本中检出255份呼吸道病毒阳性的标本，阳性率为60％（255／425）。病毒病原谱构成前三位为甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和腺病毒。病毒检出阳性率的时间分布有一定规律性：10月至次年2月阳性率较高，11月份为高峰期（93．75％），次年3月阳性率开始明显下降。不同月份检出的优势病毒不同。不同年龄组病毒感染的病原谱构成也不同：0～5岁年龄组以呼吸道合胞病毒为主；5～15岁年龄组以腺病毒为主；15岁以上各年龄组均以甲型流感病毒为主。结论甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒为北京地区冬春季急性呼吸道感染主要病原体，不同月份呼吸道病毒流行有一定规律性，并且不同年龄组易感的病毒也不同。

Objective To analyze the virus distribution and epidemiological characteristic of acute respiratory infection during October of 2010 and April of 2011 in Beijing so as to provide the data for the preventive strategy, clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods By multiplex RT-PCR and PCR, influenza A virus A, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, human Boca virus and enteric virus were detected and statistically analyzed in 425 clinical swabs simultaneously. Results 255 positive results were got from the 425 samples, the positive ra- tio was 60%. The dominated viruses in the pathogen spectrum were influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. The positive ratio for the virus detection was distributed timely. It was high from Oct to Apr of next year and it as maximum in Nov （93.75%） while it was dropped down from Mar. The dominated viruses were different in different months and in different age groups. For the 0 - 5 age groups, the respirato- ry syncytial virus was maximum and for 5 - 15 age group adenovirus was found largest while for all the other age groups more than 15 years old influenza A was the dominated virus. Conclusions Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus were the main pathogens leading to acute respiratory infection during winter and spring in Beijing and the pathogens have specific epidemiology according to the ages and months.