不同实习阶段护生对艾滋病病人心理状况的质性研究

Qualitative study of psychological changes of nurse students towards AIDS patients in different stages of their clinical practice

目的了解和探讨随着在艾滋病病区实习时间的不断增长,护生面对艾滋病病人时心理状况的变化。方法采用质性研究中的现象学方法,深入访谈了9名在艾滋病病区实习4周的护生。结果在艾滋病病区实习初期(第一周),存在明显的负性情绪。在实习的中期(第二、三周),随着艾滋病知识的深入了解,负性情绪明显降低,表现出对病人的同情和对疾病的无力感。在实习的末期(第四周),随着在该病区实习即将结束,表现出照顾意愿的加强。结论护理教育管理者及临床带教老师,应针对不同实习阶段护生对艾滋病病人的心理变化,进行有效的引导和正确指导,以降低护生的心理压力,提高心理健康水平。

Objective To understand psychological changes of nurse students towards AIDS patients in different stages of their clinical practice. Methods By using phenomenology method of qualitative study, indepth interviews were conducted with 9 .nurse students who had practiced for 4 weeks in AIDS wards. Results The interviewed nurse students all had negative emotion in the first week of their practice in the AIDS ward, while in the second and third weeks of their practice they gradually reduced their negative emotion by increasing their AIDS related knowledge, expressing sympathy and helplessness to patients , and at the end of their practice ,i. e. in the forth week they displayed strong aspiration to take care of the patients. Conclusions The managers of nursing education and the clinical supervisors of nurse students should effectively guide the students to reduce their psychological stress and improve their mental health status .