黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价

Health Assessment of Coastal Wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

以黄河三角洲滨海湿地系统为研究对象,基于描述滨海湿地健康条件的4项功能,充分考虑滨海湿地生态地质环境系统的特征及其健康响应因素,建立了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价的概念模型和指标体系。以统计监测和遥感数据为基础,采用RS和GIS技术,通过栅格化实现分区评价及其结果的优化整合,探讨了黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康的时空分布规律。结果显示:黄河三角洲滨海湿地现状健康条件处于健康的占14.2%,亚健康的占61.9%,一般病态的占23.9%;近期(2010—2015年),河口三角洲湿地生境质量会逐步改善,向健康方向发展,而北部和南部部分滩涂区及神仙沟流路等局部地区在自然和人为因素的共同作用下,环境质量会有一定的降低;影响黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件的主要因素是全球气候变化背景下的区域水循环关键过程及其时空变化、湿地开发等人类负面干扰和黄河下游生态调度。应继续加大黄河下游生态调度的力度、积极实施生态修复工程,以促进黄河三角洲滨海湿地持续健康发展。

The coastal wetlands system of Yellow River Delta was chosen as the research object,both conceptual model and indicator system for the health assessment of coastal wetlands were established based on the analysis of the four functions of the healthy coastal wetlands and the consideration of the coastal wetlands eco-geological environment system characteristics and health responding factors.Based on the remote sensing data and monitoring data,GIS,RS and some other advanced technologies were adopted to analyze the temporal and spatial regularities of distribution of the coastal wetlands of Yellow River Delta.The results show that： healthy,sub-healthy and morbid area accounts for 14.2%,61.9% and 23.9% in the coastal wetlands health structure of the Yellow River Delta,respectively.During the period from 2010 to 2015,habitat quality in estuarine wetlands will be gradually improved to the healthy direction,but the environmental quality of northern and southern parts of the beach area and the Shenxian＇gou flow path in the local areas will have a certain decline by natural and human impacts together.The main influencing factors of coastal wetlands health in the Yellow River Delta are the major regional water cycle process and its spatial and temporal variations under global climate change background,wetlands exploitation and other negative disturbances and the ecological operation in the lower reach of Yellow River.Much more efforts should be given to the ecological operation and restoration in the lower reach of the Yellow River for the purpose of the healthy development of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta.