哮喘儿童自我管理行为水平的影响因素及差异性分析

Influential factors and difference analysis for self-management behavior levels of asthmatic children

目的了解哮喘儿童自我管理行为水平的影响因素并分析其差异性,为儿童哮喘防治健康教育提供依据。方法采用自行设计的哮喘儿童自我管理量表调查2009年12月至2010年6月到我院哮喘中心就诊的492例哮喘儿童(≥7岁)的自我管理行为水平,并对年龄、性别、居住地等可能对其产生影响的因素进行分析。结果年龄不同、主要照顾者文化程度不同、病程不同的哮喘儿童自我管理水平存在明显的差异(P<0.05),家族史仅在哮喘儿童总体自我管理及疾病医学管理上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),教养方式在哮喘儿童总体自我管理、疾病医学管理和社会心理管理上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):10～12岁组与13～17岁组的哮喘儿童自我管理行为水平明显高于7～9岁组;照顾者文化程度为大学组、高中组哮喘儿童自我管理行为水平明显高于小学、初中组;病程≥5年的哮喘儿童自我管理行为处于最高水平;有家族史的患儿在总体自我管理水平和疾病医学管理上明显高于无家族史的(P<0.05);采用一方打骂,一方溺爱的家庭教养方式的哮喘儿童在总体自我管理水平及疾病医学管理水平、社会心理管理水平显著低于说服教育及打骂教育(P<0.05)。结论年龄、主要照顾者的文化程度、病程、家族史、教养方式是影响哮喘儿童自我管理水平的显著因素。

Objective To investigate influential factors of self-management behavior levels of asthmatic children and analyze the difference,and to provide the evidence for sound education for the prevention and treatment of children asthma.Methods Totally 492 asthmatic children（7-17 years old） who visited our hospital between Dec.2009 to Jun.2010 were enrolled and their self-management behavior level were studied with a self-designed scale.Potential influential factors including age,sex,and habitation were analyzed.Results There was obvious difference in the self-management behavior levels of asthmatic children having different ages,main supervisors＇ cultural levels,and disease courses（P0.05）.Family history difference only had statistic significance on the general self-management level of asthmatic children and medical management level（P0.05）.Rearing pattern difference had statistic significance on the general self-management level of asthmatic children,medical management level,and social psychological management level（P0.05）.Self-management behavior levels of asthmatic children 10-12 years old and 13-17 years old were significantly higher than that of asthmatic children 7-9 years old.Self-management behavior levels of asthmatic children whose main supervisors had senior-middle-school and college education were significantly higher than that of asthmatic children whose main supervisors had elementary and junior-middle-school education.Asthmatic children having disease course not shorter than 5 years showed the highest score.Asthmatic children with family history had a higher score than those without family history in the general self-management level and medical management level（P0.05）.Asthmatic children whose family adopted one-spoiled one-abused rearing pattern had lower general self-management level,medical management level,and social psychological management level than those whose family adopted persuasion education pattern or abuse pattern（P0.05）.Conclusion Age,main supervisors＇ education level,disease course,family history,and rearing pattern are significant factors influencing the self-management behavior level of asthmatic children.It is recommended that health educators provide pertinent training for asthmatic children to increase their self-management behavior level.