渤、黄、东海潮汐的相对导纳及N_2,K_2,P_1和Q_1分潮的经验同潮图

Relative Tidal Admittances and N_2, K_2, P_1 and Q_1 Empirical Cotidal Charts in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas

利用113个沿岸和岛屿长期验潮站的调和常数,计算了研究海区S_2对M_2,N_2,对M_2,K_2对S_2,O_1对K_1,P_1对K_1和Q_1对O_1分潮的相对导纳分布。结果表明,各相对导纳的模数在琉球群岛附近接近于1,且随着潮波向内海传播逐渐减小,亦即较小的分潮衰减较显著;相对导纳的幅角逐渐增加(若分潮对的角速度差为正)或逐渐减小(若分潮对的角速度差为负),亦即潮龄逐渐增加。利用所得N_2对M_2,K_2对S_2,P_1对K_1和Q_1对O_1的相对导纳以及根据卫星高度计获得的M_2,S_2,K_1和O_1的分布求得了研究海区N_2,K_2,R_1和Q_1的经验同潮图。通过与5个验潮站实测调和常数的对比,表明所得这4个分潮的振幅偏差为0.3～1.9 cm,迟角偏差为4°～7°;但无潮点附近迟角偏差较大。

The relative admittances of S2 versus M2, N2 versus M2, K2 versus S2, O1 versus K1, P1 versus K1 , and Q1 versus O1 in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas are calcnlated, based on harmonics at 13 long-term coastal or island tidal gauge stations. The results show that the moduli of relative admittances are nearly equal to one in the Ryukuy islands area, and become gradually smaller with the tidal wave prop agation toward the inner sea-area, i. e. smaller constituents decay faster than greater constituents. The argument of relative admittance increases if the angular speed difference between a constituent couple is positive, or decreases if the angular speed difference between a constituent couple is negative, i. e. tidal ages increase gradually. The empirical cotidal charts of N2, K2, Pl and Q1 are derived from the obtained relative admittance distribution and the cotidal charts of Me, S2, K1 and O1 obtained from satellite altimetry. Comparison with the observed harmonics at the 5 long-term tidal stations shows that the amplitude differences of these 4 constituents range from 0.3 to 1.9 cm, and that phase-lag differences range from 4° to 7°, except that phase-lag differences become larger in the regions close to amphidromic points.