桑沟湾海域石油烃的分布特征及其与环境因子的相关性

Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distribution and Its Relationship With Environmental Factors in Sanggou Bay

2009-04-2010-02对山东荣成典型养殖海湾—桑沟湾海区表层海水的石油烃进行6个航次的监测,分析该海区石油烃的污染现状,探讨石油烃在桑沟湾表层海水中的分布特征,以及与水温、叶绿素a、营养盐等环境因子的相关性。结果表明,桑沟湾表层海水石油烃质量浓度的季节变化大致呈现春夏季高,秋季偏低,冬季最低的特点;水平分布基本呈现由湾内向湾口至外海逐渐降低的趋势。变化范围为4.51～38.93μg·L^(-1),平均值为10.59μg·L^(-1),所有测点测次结果均未超出国家《海水水质标准》一、二类标准限值(50.00μg·L^(-1)。桑沟湾表层海水石油烃的分布和季节变化受湾内海带、贝类养殖、水文环境及外源输入的影响显著。石油烃的质量浓度与水温、叶绿素a、DIN和DIP等环境因子有着较好的正相关性,相关系数分别达到0.949,0.908,0.957和0.945。整体来看,桑沟湾海域目前受到石油烃的污染负荷较轻,对石油烃仍然有一定的接纳能力。

6 cruises were completed in the period from April 2009 to February 2010 to investigate and analyze the petroleum hydrocarbon （PHC） pollution status in the surface layer of the Sanggou Bay, a typical marine culture area in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, and to discuss characteristics of the local PHC distribution, and its relationships respectively with the environmental factors including water temperature, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） and nutrient salts. It is shown in the study results that PHC seasonal variation is that PHC content reaches its heighest in spring and summer, being lower in autumn and the lowest in winter. PHC horizontal distribution is that PHC content gradually decreases from the inner area to the baymouth, being the lowest in the open water. The mean PHC is 10.59 μg·L^-1 worked out from the 4.51- 38.93 μg·L^-1 range within the national sea water quality standards for the first or second class of sea water （50.00 μg·L^-1）. The PHC distribution and seasonality is significantly effected by the marine cultures for kelp and shellfishes, and the hydrographic environments in the bay. The PHC content is positively re- lated to water temperature, Chl-a, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and dissolved inorganic phosphate respec- tively with the correlation coefficients as 0. 949, 0. 908, 0. 957, and 0. 945. In general, the bay is less polluted. There is some margin to reach the PHC pollution limits.