中国持续性“电荒”问题分析及对策

The Analysis on the Sustainable Shortage of Power Supply in China and the Countermeasures

"煤电"矛盾的核心在于市场化取向的煤炭价格形成机制和高度管制的电力价格形成机制,现行的重点合同电煤价格制度这一双轨制的煤价决定机制会导致"合同煤荒",而煤电价格联动机制则因为演变为"价格联涨"而不具可操作性。持续性"电荒问题"的症结在于煤炭和电力两个流通渠道的高物流成本。其解决之道在于坚持科学发展观,切实转变经济发展方式;降低煤炭运输的物流成本,建立一体化、市场化的煤炭市场;鼓励推进煤电一体化;改变电网公司"一网独大"的格局,进一步推动电力市场化改革的进程。

The core of the conflict between coal and power is the market-oriented pricing mechanism of coal and the highly controlled pricing mechanism of power.The current pricing mechanism of coal will lead to ＂contractual storage of coal supply＂;while the interactive mechanism between coal and power price will be not operational because of the simultaneous rising of coal and power price.The sticking point of the sustainable problem of shortage of power supply is the high logistic cost in the channels of coal and power.To solve this problem,we should,first,adhere to the scientific outlook on development and change the pattern of economic development;second,we should decrease the logistic cost in coal transportation and establish an unified and market-oriented coal market;third,we should promote coal-power integration;and fourth,we should change the situation that the power net stands along and further promote the reform in power marketization.