乾嘉学派与清中叶曲学——以扬州为中心的考察

Qian Jia School and Traditional Drama in the Mid-Qing Dynasty:Taking Yangzhou as the Research Center

扬州既是乾嘉学派崛起的大本营之一,也是清中叶南方的戏曲活动中心。乾嘉学者与扬州曲家之间关系错综复杂,焦循、凌廷堪等以治经手法治曲,促进了学术研讨与戏曲创作的互动,推进了该时期的曲学建构。具体表现在:将考据精神渗入传统曲学,推动了肇始于元代的历史学曲学蓬勃发展,开启了近代王国维等的治学路径;在曲学观念上,主张戏曲要攸关风化,因此推尊元曲,当行、本色、谨遵曲律等成为传奇创作准则。

Yangzhou is both one of the important places where Qian Jia School originated and developed and the center of traditional drama in southern China.The complicacy between Yangzhou dramatists and Qian Jia scholars shows that such giants as Jiao Xun and Ling Tingkan studied drama with classic Chinese approaches,all of which promoted the interaction between scholarship and drama writing,thus impelling the effective construction of drama.The influences include the textual studies methods were used in traditional drama and the historical drama which began in Yuan Dynasty developed rapidly,which in return provided the academic path for such famous dramatist as Wang Guowei in modern China.In terms of the influence on poetic drama concept,traditional drama is expected to be concerned with morality and social practice,so Yuan Songs werepraised lighly,adeptness,natural color and adherence to traditional principles of drama in Yuan Dynasty were stressed as the creating principle of romance.