结构魔方与审美狂喜——纳博科夫《劳拉原型》的“元小说”艺术特征

Magic Structure and Aesthetic Bliss:Metafiction Art in Nabokov's "The Original of Laura"

纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》、《微暗的火》和《阿达》等主要作品均带有后现代主义文学的"元小说"特征,其遗作《劳拉原型》更将"元小说"的创作技巧及特征展现得淋漓尽致。本文结合德勒兹的"元评论"、罗兰.巴尔特的"元语言"理论,并联系纳博科夫的其它作品,从《劳拉原型》的小说结构、主题情节和语言特点等方面来探讨其"元小说"特征。笔者认为,纳博科夫试图通过他的最后一部文学作品告诉读者,天才作家通过构建虚构小说来阐述自己的小说观;带有"元评论"和"元语言"特点的"元小说"才是真正意义上的小说创作,它摆脱了一切束缚;而他本人构建的"元小说"就是最精彩最独特的文学作品,无论是主题还是结构。

Metafiction art in post-modernism is clearly reflected in Nabokov's 'Lolita','Pale Fire' and 'Ada' and fully demonstrated in 'The Original of Laura',his posthumous novel.This article attempts to explore the metafictional feature in this novel from its structure,plot and language through a theoretical support from Deleuz's 'metacommentary',Roland Barthes's 'metalanguage' and Nabokov's other works.It is concluded that Nabokov,as a genius writer,intended to expound his aspects of novels by constructing his last fiction,in order to illustrate that only a metafiction with metacommentary and metalanguage can be described as a truly literary creation since it is absolutely free from any restriction and the metafiction created by himself is the most brilliant and unique one,either in theme or in narrative construction.