19世纪以来中国朝鲜族人口迁移分布及聚居区形成研究

Migration and Distribution of Chinese Korean Nationality Since the Beginning of the 19th Century

基于历史文献和史料,利用地理信息系统技术,对19世纪中期至2000年中国朝鲜族人口数据进行分析,阐述其人口迁移特征及聚居区分布格局。朝鲜族大规模迁移至中国东北始于19世纪后期。1949年以前,朝鲜族主要分布在东北;解放初人口数变化不大,朝鲜战争爆发后东北朝鲜族人口小幅增加,改革开放后朝鲜族逐渐南迁,全国各省均有分布,传统聚居区人数减少。朝鲜族的阶段迁移导致其人口再分布现象及聚居区规模的变化。朝鲜族早期迁移形成北满、南满、东满、东边道和关内五个聚居区;延边朝鲜族自治州成立之初,全国近半数朝鲜族聚居于此,聚居规模较稳定;改革开放后,朝鲜族由传统聚居区逐渐向南迁移,形成以北京、青岛、上海、深圳为中心的新聚居区。探讨朝鲜族的人口迁移规律及聚居区分布格局,为促进朝鲜族人口与社会的协调发展提供借鉴。

As an ethnic minority,the migration of Chinese Korean nationality has been for a long period.The formation and characteristics of Chinese Korean migration were analyzed based on Chinese Korean population data using GIS from the mid-19th century to the year 2000.The early migration from their native land to the Northeast China through Tumen River and Yalu River with a large-scale started at the late of the 19th century.Before the People’s Republic of China was founded,Chinese Korean nationality mainly distributed in the Northeast China.Just after liberation,population of them changed little,but increased after the Korean War broke out.Since China’s reform and openning-up,another large-scale Chinese Korean migration moved to South China and distributed all over the China,whose population in the early settlements decreased gradually.The migration of Chinese Korean nationality inevitably led to the population redistribution and the changes of settlements’ scale.Five main settlements formed before 1949,referred to as settlements of Nanman,Beiman,Dongman,Dongbiandao and Guannei.Almost half of the Korean Chinese lived in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture since it was founded and the settlements kept stable there.After China’s reform and openning-up,some new Chinese Korean nationality settlements were formed with Beijing,Qingdao,Shanghai,Shenzhen as their centers.Migration of the Chinese Korean nationality and the distribution pattern promoted the coordinated development of population and society of minority migration among cities in China.