大企业竞争力的“双能力”理论——一个基本的分析框架

The "Dual-Competence" Theory of Enterprises' Competitiveness——A Basic Analize Framework

本文认为大企业竞争力由两个要素构成,一是应对政府的能力,二是应对市场的能力,我们称之为大企业竞争力的"双能力"。企业为了获取竞争力,必须把自己拥有的资源分配给两种能力,而这个分配比例是非常重要的。我们认为,经济中存在着一个真实的比例,该比例会因为不同行业的产业特性和不同国家或地区的制度环境而不同,而该比例在国家间的差异又影响到了国家竞争力。企业只有按照该真实比例去分配资源才能获得它所能达到的最大竞争力。但企业却无法准确获知该比例,只有依据自身经验去判断和估计,这就造成了企业竞争力的差异。另外,企业自身的产权结构、管理制度等因素会影响企业获取两种能力的难易程度,从而对企业竞争力产生影响。最后,在"双能力"的框架下,本文对企业如何提升企业竞争力和政府如何提升国家竞争力两个方面的问题进行了初步的探讨。

This paper considers that the competitiveness of enterprises constituted by two elements, one is the ability to respond to the government, the other is the ability to respond to the market, therefore, we named it as ＂dual-competence＂ theory. In order to obtain the competitiveness, enterprises must allocate their resources to the two competence, and the allocate proportion is very important. We believe that there is a real proportion in economy, and the real proportion will be different from institution and market structure, this difference decides the nation competitiveness. Only allocate resources as the real proportion, can maximize competitiveness by enterprises. But enterprises can not accurately be informed＂ of the proportion and must estimate by their experience, therefore, different enterprise get different competitiveness. Moreover, ownership structure and system of management and other factors will affect the complexity of enterprises to obtain the ＂dual-competence＂. Finally, we discussed how to enhance enterprise competitiveness and how to enhance national competitiveness on the ＂dual-competence＂ point.