社会关系、初职获得方式与职业流动

Social Networks, Occupational Attainment and Mobility

关系使用者是一个高度异质性的群体,区分不同类型的关系使用者对理解社会关系的作用机制及其对劳动力市场结果变量的效应非常重要。根据初职获得的方式,本研究将劳动者分成三个群体,即通过正式渠道(不使用关系)、正式渠道与关系相结合("正式+关系")以及完全通过关系获得初职的群体。使用2009年八城市"社会网络与职业经历问卷调查"(JSNET2009)数据,本文探讨了这三个劳动者群体的特征以及他们在职业流动和收入分层模式方面的差异。研究发现,使用"正式+关系"方式获得初职的劳动者群体和完全通过关系获得初职的劳动者群体的特征及其劳动力市场经历是截然不同的。首先,前者是高社会经济地位的群体,他们有较高的人力资本以及质量最高的社会网络资本;而后者是低社会经济地位的群体,他们自身的人力资本最低,而且社会网络资本的质量也是最差的。其次,后者比前者更可能换工作(离开初职)。第三,两个群体收入获得的决定因素方面也体现出显著的差异。

As network user is a highly heterogeneous group, it is necessary for researchers to distinguish different types of network users in job seeking in order to have better understanding for the relationship between social networks and labor market outcomes. In this paper, the author identifies three types of job seekers according to the channels of getting their first jobs: (1) workers used formal (non-network) channels only (Type I); (2) workers used both formal and network channels (Type II); and (3) worker used network channel only (Type III). Analyzing data from the 'Survey of Social Networks and Occupational Experiences in Chinese Cities in 2009' (JSNET 2009), the author finds that these three types of workers differ greatly in socioeconomic status, network resources, and labor market experiences.