突发事件应急演练的理论思辨与实践探索

Theoretical Thoughts on and Practical Exploration of Emergency Exercise

针对目前国内应急演练实效性差的问题,从演练实质、演练分类、演练与预案和应急处置实践的一致性、演练评估以及演练系统性5个方面分析国内目前制约应急演练实效性的主要因素,然后通过一个桌面演练策划实施实例,为在国内目前应急管理体制框架下和现有工作基础上如何通过先期策划提高演练效果,提供一些可借鉴的思路。在理论和实例分析基础上,发现将示范性与检验性相结合、加强现场指挥部组建与运行科目演练等措施是目前提高各级各类政府应急演练效果的有效措施。

Low effectiveness of emergency exercise is well recognized in China.In this paper,the main factors possibly compromising the effectiveness of emergency exercises are analyzed from five aspects,i.e.understanding of the essence of exercise,exercise categorization,consistency between exercise,emergency plan and emergency practice,exercise evaluation,and systematicity of exercise.A table-top exercise is introduced as an example to show how to maximally strengthen the effect of exercises through pre-design under current emergency management framework and on the basis of current emergency management practice in China.It is found that,combination of demonstration and inspectability and highlighting the on-the-spot commanding system are feasible ways at present to make the exercises organized by the government more effective.