金融非均衡发展对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究

本文基于2002年至2008年中国大陆28个省(市)的面板数据,采用广义矩估计(GMM)研究金融非均衡发展对城乡收入差距影响。实证结果表明,城乡金融非均衡发展拉大了城乡居民收入差距。从库茨涅茨效应角度分析认为,金融非均衡发展对城乡收入差距影响将经历两个阶段。第一阶段,发展中国家整体金融资源配置不均等,金融发展伴随收入差距拉大;第二阶段,发展中国家整体金融发展缩小城乡收入差距,根源在于农村金融体系逐步完善,城乡金融发展逐步回归均衡,资源配置进一步优化。当前政府正着手于重构农村金融体系,可以预期,金融非均衡发展对收入分配的影响将有望得到改善。

This paper based on the panel data of all 28 provinces in China's Mainland from 2002 - 2008, using GMM to research the impact of financial unbalanced development on urban-rural income gap. The empirical results indicate that financial unbalanced development widens the income gap between urban and rural residents. We analyze from the perspective of the Kuznets Effect and believe that the impact of financial unbalanced development on urban-rural income gap experiences two phases. In the first phase, the overall financial resources of developing countries are unequally allocated and finance develops with income gap. In the second phase, overall financial development in developing countries reduces urban-rural income gap because of the gradual improvement of the rural financial system, and thus urban-rural financial development returns to equilibrium with further optimization of resources. Our Government currently is taking measures to reconstruct the rural financial system. It is expected that financial unbalanced development impact on income distribution will enter a new period.