我国人大决策权的变迁与决策权的制约监督

Changes in NPC's Decision-making Authority and Check and Supervision of Decision Power

我国党和国家并行治理的"政治双轨制"在国家重大政策决策过程中形成了独特的决策模式:党委创议—人大审议。这一决策模式在我国不同时期又有所差异,这一模式变迁的过程反映了当代中国执政党与国家关系的变化。变迁过程既是观念的变革,体现了执政党领导人对民主政治的理解与对党政关系认识的不断深化;也是制度的演进,使党中央、全国人大在重大事项决策权运行过程中的分工定位渐趋明晰和稳定。历史的比较研究表明,我国社会发展状况与人大在这一决策模式中的地位存在明显的正相关性。"党委创议—人大审议"决策模式确立了人大在国家重大政策制定过程中的决策监督地位,为党和国家决策民主化、科学化和法制化提供了制度保障。我国应进一步优化重大事项决策权的结构,尤其要健全和完善人大决策审议权,在党委的创议权与人大的审议权之间建立有效的制约与协调制度。

A unique decision model which consists of CPC committee initiative and NPC deliberation has formed in decision procedure of significant policy owing to the Dual-track political system in China.The model varies in different historical periods,which mirrors changes in the relationship between the ruling party and government in contemporary China.The evolution of the model means the development of the ruling party leaders＇ ideas on democracy and relationship between party and government,showing the institutional change which makes the role orientation of CPC committee and NPC in the policy process more perspicuous and stable.Historical researches indicate there is a significantly positive correlation between social development of China and the position of NPC in the decision model.The decision model which consists of CPC committee initiative and NPC deliberation establishes firmly the NPC as the supervisor on decision of significant policy,and provides system support to democratization,scientification and juridification of decision.In order to keep balance and harmony between CPC committee initiative and NPC deliberation,the structure of decision power should be optimized.