北极环境治理的法律路径分析与展望

Analysis and Prospects of Legal Path in Arctic Environmental Governance

北极国家的国内法不足以充分完成北极环境治理的任务,既存的国际法律、软法和相关机构在北极环境治理中所发挥的作用是有限的,不能实现对北极环境跨部门的、整体性的、生态系统为基础的治理。欧盟和美国将在北极环境治理中发挥与其他北极国家有所不同的作用。《联合国海洋法公约》也很难解决北极环境治理问题。在气候变化的背景下,北极理事会要实现对北极环境的综合治理需要改进其结构,促进环境法原则的实施,并最终形成稳定的,具有约束力的习惯法。

Since the domestic laws of Arctic countries cannot achieve the goals of Arctic environmental governance, the influence of existing international law, soft law, and related organizations is limited on a cross-sectoral, integrated, ecosystem-based management in Arctic environmental governance. The EU and the United States would play roles different from the other Arctic countries in Arctic environmental gov ernance. UNCLOS cannot address Arctic environmental problems completely. In the era of climate change, the Arctic Council is supposed to reach the goal of an integrated Arctic environmental governance by improving its structure and applying the environmental legal principles. Consequently, these principles will eventually become stable and binding customary law.