山东省城镇网络结构与城镇网络角色识别——基于民国时期土货/洋货流通网络的分析

Study on structure of urban network in Shandong Province and on identifying city-roles in the network:Based on the analysis of circulation network of native products/foreign goods in the Republic of China

本文运用复杂网络分析方法,基于1932年的山东省城镇间土洋货流通的基础数据,建立了城镇间的关系矩阵,讨论了1932年时山东省城镇间土洋货流通网络的全网结构特征,并识别出网络中的城镇角色和关键链接。研究发现:第一,城镇度符合幂律分布,绝大多数城镇度值较低,少数几个城镇度值较高。网络连通性差,城镇节点度与聚集系数为负相关关系。结构为树枝状是当时铁路网和公路网发育状况的真实写照。第二,全网包括6大社团,社团规模、自立性和地域性差异明显。第三,全网结节城镇为济南、青岛、周村和济宁,全网中介城镇为济南和青岛。社团结节城镇、中介城镇相同,再次印证了山东省土洋货流通网络为多个星状社团组成的树状网络。第四,青岛-济南、青岛-烟台、济南-济宁、济南-周村、青岛-周村、青岛-潍县为全网中最为重要的边。

Through complex network analysis and based on the data of circulation of native products and foreign goods between cities and towns of Shandong Province, the relation matrixes between cities are established in the paper, the whole network structure charac- teristics of circulation network in the province in 1932 are explored, and roles of cities and key links are identified in the network. Four findings are obtained in this paper. First, the degree of cities followed power-law distribution, which means most cities had low degrees and only a few had high degrees. The connectivity of this network was poor. The correla- tion between degree and clustering coefficient of city nodes was negative. The dendritic structure was the true portrayal of the development situation of railway network and road netwoa^k at that time. Second, the whole network had six communities. The scale, inde- pendence and regionalism of each community had obvious differences. Third, the hub node~ of the whole network were Jinan, Qingdao, Zhoucun and Jining. The betweenness cities o~ the whole network were Jinan and Qingdao. The sameness o~ hub cities and be- tweenness cities confirms again that the Shandong circulation network of native products and foreign goods was a dendritic network that contained several star-shaped communities. Fourthly, the most important edges were Qingdao-Jinan, Qingdao-Yantai, Jinan-Jining, Jinan-Zhoucun, Qingdao-Weixian in the whole network.