出土铜铍的类型与分期

Classification and Periodization of Excavated Bronze Pi

铜铍是东周时期流行的长兵器,20世纪30年代以来考古发掘出土的可以确认为铍的青铜兵器约80多件。本文根据铍头尾部的不同将这些铜铍分为三型:A型为銎骹铜铍,B型为扁茎铜铍,C型为异型铜铍;依据对出土铜铍的类型学分析,并参照出土铜铍墓葬中兵器组合情况以及商周秦汉时期作战方式的变化,将出土铜铍分为五期:第一期,两周之际至春秋晚期前段是铜铍演变过程中的初始期;第二期,春秋末期至战国早期是发展期;第三期,战国中期是成熟期;第四期,战国晚期至秦是鼎盛期;第五期,西汉早中期是衰亡期。

Bronze pi is a kind of weapon with a long handle and was popular during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Since the 1930s, more than eighty bronze pi have been excavated. They can be divided into three types. Based on typological analysis and with a reference to the combination of weapons in tombs where these pi were discovered and the changing ways of battles from the Shang to the Han Dynasty, this paper also groups thesepi into five periods.