职业性接触性荨麻疹的研究进展

Advances in occupational contact urticaria

职业性接触性荨麻疹是一种常见的职业性皮肤病，表现为接触职业中特定致病原后出现的局部或系统性过敏症状。根据发病机制可分为免疫性及非免疫性接触性荨麻疹，后者更为常见。职业中所接触的动植物蛋白、化学物、药物等均为该病的危险因素，并可导致较为严重的不良后果。因此，皮肤科医师在该病的诊断中，应注意掌握详细的病史资料，并进行可疑致病物的皮肤试验。针对致病原采取必要的预防措施是该病治疗的关键，若疾病已经发生，有效的三线治疗方案则成为必须。

Occupational contact urticaria （OCU） is a common occupational dermatosis characterized by local or systemic anaphylaxis after contact with occupational antigens. It is divided into two subtypes according to physiopathology： immunological CU and nonimmunologieal CU, and the latter occurs more frequently. Many substances in workplaces can cause allergic reactions and even serious consequences, such as plant or animal proteins, chemicals, drugs, etc. Physicians should perform careful interrogation, clinical examination and appropriate skin tests to identify causative allergens. The treatment of OCU should be emphasized on preventive measures targeting allergens. Once the contact with an eliciting substance occurs, effective three-line therapy is warranted.