论罢免与质询程序的司法性

On the Judicial Nature of Recall and Question Procedure

现代各国宪法往往通过赋予议会特别刑事追究权,使其追究政府高级官员的特别法律责任,保证政府的廉洁高效。议会特别刑事追究权是立法机关享有的一种特别的司法权,具有司法性。我国宪法没有采用人大特别刑事追究制度,而是设立了罢免和质询制度使人大监督政府高级官员的违法和不当行为,但由于其程序的司法性特征不够明确,监督权运行的程序与立法工作程序相同,不利于发挥人大在监督政府方面的作用。因此,加强监督程序的司法性是解决问题的关键,应当借鉴国外议会的特别刑事追究权,通过将罢免质询分为动议、调查、辩论和表决等步骤来加强其程序的司法性建构。

The Parliaments in modern countries are usually conferred by the Constitution the special criminal prosecution power to supervise the high governmental officials,in order to make sure the honesty and efficiency of the government.The special criminal prosecution power is the special judicial power enjoyed by the Parliament.The Chinese Constitution doesn't adopt this special criminal prosecution power,but the institution of recall and question of the People's Congress.As a result of ambiguity in their judicial nature,the institution of recall and question are carried on within a legislative procedure,which makes against the supervising function of the People's Congress.Therefore,it's necessary to reinforce the judicial nature of the recall and question procedure by dividing it into different steps such as proposition,investigation,debate and vote.