灌溉量对春小麦地上部分生物量积累及分配规律的影响

Effeet of Irrigation Quota on the Biomass Accumulation and Distribution of Spring Wheat

通过大田试验,研究不同灌溉条件下小麦地上部分生物量积累规律,分析春小麦地上生物量的差异性,结果表明:全生育期灌水量为3000m3.hm-2(对照灌溉量为4500m3.hm-2,减少1500m3.hm-2)对小麦株高、叶片、叶鞘及穗粒的干物质积累造成明显不利影响,春小麦在整个生长期内出现明显的水分亏缺;灌水量3600m3.hm-2(比常规灌溉减少900m3.hm-2)小麦营养生殖期各器官的生物量积累较高,但在生殖生长期地上生物量积累出现下降趋势;灌水量为4200m3.hm-2(比常规灌溉减少300m3.hm-2)小麦全生育期内各主要发育器官生物量积累最高;全生育期内4种灌水处理下春小麦生物量分配比例顺序为:穗粒最高,茎和叶鞘次之,最后是叶片。综合考虑,正常年份小麦适宜灌水量3900～4200m3.hm-2水平时春小麦生物量积累与分配最为合理。

A study was made on effects of different irrigation quota on the growth and yield of spring wheat in field conditions.The results showed that there was unfavorable to the biomass accumulation of plant height, leaf, leaf sheath and the spring wheat Ear-kernel under the 3000m^3·hm^-2 （1500m^3·hm^-2 less than comparison treatment）. The growth and yield of spring wheat in spring wheat whole growth the water shortage was serious. There was high biomass accumulation under irrigation quota of 3600m^3·hm^-2 （900m^3·hm^-2 less than comparison treatment）, but it declined in reproductive stage. The highest biomass accumulation under irrigation quota of 4200m^3·hm^-2 （300m^3·hm^-2 less than comparison treatment）during the period of wheat growth. Under the four irrigation quota the proportion of wheat biomass allocation is： The highest proportion of Ear-kernel, followed by stem and leaf sheath, the finally was leaf. In common years,fitting irrigation quota was 3900-4200m^3.hm^-2 and the biomass accumulation and distribution was the best reasonable.