历史时期长江流域农业生态变迁述论

A Study of Change in Agro-Ecology in Yangtze River Valley from Historical Perspective

历史时期长江流域气候、水土和森林植被等生态环境要素的变迁,与人类活动尤其是以稻空大点作生产为中心的农业活动有密切关系。一方面生态环境制约着稻作农业的发展变化,另一方面,农业活动对生态环境具有不同程度的影响。宋元以来,南方地区以围湖造田、丘陵山地开垦为主的大规模农业经济开发,对长江流域生态环境诸要素的负面作用逐步加大,导致水土流失、河湖淤塞和水旱灾害频发,农业生产和民众生活也因此受到很大危害。近现代长江流域经济开发进一步扩张,河湖淤废、森林破坏有增无减,而且水土环境的化学污染越来越严重。长江流域是中国稻作文明的发源地和主要的稻米产区,研究长江流域生态环境诸因素变迁与稻作农业发展的关系,对于保护区域生态环境,指导当地农业可持续发展,具有重要学术意义。

The ecological changes of the Yangtze River Valley in history,such as those in the climate,soil,water,forest vegetation and other environmental factors,have been closely linked with the human social activities,particularly with the agricultural activities of rice production as its center.On the one hand,the ecological environment has been limiting the development of rice agriculture;on the other hand,agricultural activities can exert certain effects on the ecological environment to some extent.Since Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty,the lager-scale agricultural economic development mainly focusing on land reclamation around lakes and from hills in the south in China has gradually had great negative influence on the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Valley,resulting in soil erosion,silting rivers and lakes,and frequent floods and droughts.At the same time,the agricultural production and people＇s lives,therefore,have been subject to great harm.In modern times,the economic development of the Yangtze River Valley has been further strengthened in a broad and deep sense,leading to serious river and lake silt waste,the increasing forest destruction and the severe chemical contamination of soil and water environment.Fortunately,the government has paid great attention to these problems,which have also aroused the public attention.The Yangtze River Valley is the cradle of Chinese rice civilization and the main place of rice production in china.Here,the study on the relationship between the changes of environmental factors and the development of rice agriculture will pose important academic significance to the protection of the regional ecological environment and the sustainable development of local agriculture.