表示国家名称的俄语代用语

Russian Words for the Terms of Countries

文章主要对现在俄语新闻媒体中经常使用的、典型的表示国家名称的俄语代用语进行归纳分析,对它们的构成方式和语义类型进行了分类。表示国家名称的俄语代用语结构主要采用二元结构,这类国名代用语在构成方式上有四种基本类型:形容词+名词、名词+名词、名词+静词性词组、数词+名词。根据语义可以将国名代用语分为七类:与地理位置及特征有关的、与物产(特产)有关的、与历史有关的、与文化有关的、与宗教、神话传说有关的、具有政治色彩的、具有类比性质的等表示国家名称的俄语代用语。

Based on the analysis on the Russian words for the terms of different countries often used in Russian news,a classification is made according to the construction and semantic types. The binary structure is the most often used structure including four types：adjective ＋ noun,noun ＋ noun,noun ＋ state verbal phrase,and numeral ＋ noun. There are seven types semantically speaking：geography and geographical feature related, history related, culture related, religion and myth related, politics related, and analogy.