投放重物封堵溃口试验探究

Tests on Blocking Dam Breaches by Throwing Heavy Objects

为了尽量避免溃坝溃堤而引起的洪灾、泥石流灾害给国家和人民生命财产造成损失,有效地开展封堵溃口、延缓溃坝溃堤的研究有很大的现实意义。然而溃坝溃堤危害性很大,且具有不可重复性,只能通过小型试验获得相关数据在理论上进行研究。对高空投放重物封堵溃口时的不同投放高度、水流速度、投放方式的效果进行了探究,分析了重物落水过程的影响因素及运动规律并建立了理想状态下的水平和竖直方向上的运动微分方程。基于误差处理后的小型试验数据,利用最小二乘法思想,以Matlab编程求取试验中的参数,利用相似准则计算出模拟实际溃坝时重物的投放位置,为封堵溃口的研究提供了一定的理论依据。

It is of practical significance to work on the approaches of blocking breaches and delaying dam-break as floods and debris flow caused by dam-break are detrimental to the country and people＇ s life and property. Nonetheless, since dam-break is non-repeatable and harmful in practice, it can only be studied theoretically by getting data from small-scale tests. In this paper, the small-scale test of blocking breaches by throwing heavy objects is performed to evaluate the results under different throwing heights and flow velocities by three throwing modes. The influencing factors and the rule of motion of the objects in the process of falling are analyzed, and the horizontal and vertical differential equations in ideal status are set up. Based on the least square method and error-revised data from small-scale tests, the parameters are obtained by Matlab programming and the location of throwing objects in simulated dam-break is calculated by using similarity criterion. The study provides theoretical basis for blocking breaches.